Cipoia inserta C.T. Philbrick, Novelo & Irgang, sp. nov.—TYPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais. ca. 10 km W of Manhuacu along BR-262, rio Manhuaçu 201541.0S, 420549.0W, 683 m, 13 Jul 2001, Philbrick, Novelo, Irgang & de Senna Gastal 5659 (holotype: BHCB!; isotypes: ICN!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, WCSU!). Fig. 3.
Caules 0.1–3.5 cm alti, ad basem 0.2–0.8 mm lati. Folia composita ad tries dichotome divisa, 3.8–20.4 mm longa, segmentis postremis 0.8–0.6 mm longis, 0.1–0.4 mm latis, apice acuto vel obtusato. Ovarium 0.5–1.7 mm longum, 0.4–0.9 mm latum; gynophorum 0.1–0.6 mm longum; stigmata ante spatellae rupturam 0.4–1 mm longa, per anthesin 1–2.3 mm longa; pedicelli 0.1–0.4 mm longi vel absentes; capsulae 1.1–1.5 mm longae, 0.55–0.75 mm latae.
Roots (0.2-) 0.4 (-0.7) mm wide, flattened to elliptical in cross-section. Stems arising (0.7-) 3 (-4.1) mm apart along root, (0.1-) 2 (-3.5) cm high, (0.2-) 0.4 (-0.8) mm wide at base. Leaves compound, (2) 3 times dichotomously divided, (3.8-) 10 (-20.4) mm long; ultimate leaf segments (0.8-) 3.5 (-0.6) mm long, (0.1-) 0.2 (-0.4) mm wide; apex acute or obtuse; petiole (1.4-) 4.1 (-10) mm long; stipules (0.05-) 0.2 (-0.4) mm long. Flowers 1 (3) per stem; spathella (0.9-) 1.7 (-2.7) mm long, (0.5-) 0.6 (-0.8) mm wide; tepals (0.3-) 0.4 (-1) mm long; stamen filament (0.6-) 1.2 (-2) mm long prior to anthesis, elongating to (1-) 2.8 (-5.1) mm during anthesis; anthers (0.6-) 1 (-1.2) mm long, (0.4-) 0.6 (-0.7) mm wide; pollen (28-) 31 (-38) µm long, (16-) 19 (-23) µm wide; ovary (0.5-) 1.2 (-1.7) mm long, (0.4-) 0.6 (-0.9) mm wide; ovules (18) 21 (26); gynophore (0.1-) 0.5 (-0.6) mm long; stigmas prior to spathella rupture (0.4-) 0.7 (-1) mm long, elongating to (1-) 1.7 (-2.3) mm during anthesis; pedicels (0.1-) 0.3 (-0.4) mm long or lacking; capsules (1.1-) 1.3 (-1.5) mm long, (0.5-) 0.6 (-0.8) mm wide.
Etymology. The generic name derives from the river (rio Cipó) in which the plant was first collected. The specific epithet refers to the insertion of the ovary within the ruptured spathella during anthesis.
Geographic Distribution and Ecology. Cipoia insertais common at eight locations in the central to southeastern region of the state of Minas Gerais (Fig. 2). The plants may be overlooked due to their diminutive size. The species has been collected in the same habitat as other species of Podostemaceae (i.e., Crenias weddelliana Tul., species of Apinagia Tul., Mourera aspera Bong.) Tul., and Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng.).
Additional Specimens Examined. BRAZIL, Minas Gerias: Cardeal Mota, rio Cipó, 192050.5S, 433824.0W, 798 m, 8 Jul 2001, Philbrick, Novelo, Irgang & de Senna Gastal 5639, 5642–5644, 5646 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU). 5 km E of Ipatinga, rio Doce, 192848.1S, 422837.5W, 239 m, 13 Jul 2001, Philbrick, Novelo, Irgang & de Senna Gastal 5666 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU). Virginopolis, rio Corrente Grande, 185536.6S, 423626.0W, 552 m, 14 Jul 2001, Philbrick, Novelo, Irgang & de Senna Gastal 5672 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU). 10 km E of Sêrro, rio Guanhães, 18 3811.70 S, 431240.9W, 658 m, 14 Jul 2001, Philbrick, Novelo, Irgang & de Senna Gastal 5677 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU). 3.4 km W of Morro do Pilar, rio Picao, location called ‘Lajeado e Picao’, 198 149 06.00 S, 438 239 13.60 W, 638 m, 24 Jul 2002, Philbrick & Novelo 5720 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU). 17 km W of Turmalina on MG-308, rio Tamarandira, 178 179 01.30 S, 428 499 18.80 W, 528 m, 27 Jul 2002, Philbrick & Novelo 5753 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU). Joaquim Felix, rio Imbaiaçaia, location called ‘Cachoeira Boqueirao’, 174527.9S, 441042.5W, 705 m, 28 Jul 2002, Philbrick & Novelo 5756 (BHCB, ICN, MEXU, WCSU).