Diagnosis: Lepanthes sylvilagus is most similar to L. alcicornis in the plant habit and general flower morphology, but easily distinguished by the transversely bilobed petals, with the upper lobe oblong to narrowly triangular and twice the length of the ovate, narrowly triangular lower lobe (vs. transversely bilobed petals with both lobes similar in length the lower lobe variably bifurcate, with narrowly linear-triangular lobes). Plant epiphytic, medium in size, caespitose, suberect to horizontal, to 10 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, filiform, up to 0.2 mm in diameter. Ramicauls enclosed by 5–9 lepanthiform sheaths minutely ciliate along the ribs, with a ciliate, acuminate, and dilated ostia, 4–7 cm long. Leaves suffused with purple abaxially, coriaceous, lanceolate, 4.0 × 1.8 cm, the apex attenuate, emarginate; the cuneate base narrowing into a petiole 2–3 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively flowered raceme, up to 8 mm long, born at the abaxial side of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3–6 mm long; floral bracts ovate, ciliate, acuminate, 2.2 mm long; pedicels 1.8 mm long. Ovary sub-clavate, terete, finely verrucose, three-keeled, 3 mm long. Flowers with sepals greenish-cream, petals orange suffused with red in the upper lobes and yellow at the lower lobe, lip yellow, marginally suffused with orange, suffused with red towards the base, column magenta. Sepals elliptical, acute, carinate abaxially, irregularly serrated, revolute, reflexed. Dorsal sepal 3-veined, 4.3 × 2.0 mm. Lateral sepals 2-veined, connate 1 mm at the base, 3.6 × 1.4 mm. Petals transversely bilobed, microscopically pubescent, 0.9 × 5.7 mm, the upper lobe oblong to narrowly triangular, oblique, longitudinally twisting outward above the middle, sub-acute, 3.9 mm long, the lower lobe falcate, narrowly triangular, oblique, about 1/2 the length of the upper lobe, 1.8 mm long. Lip reniform, microscopically pubescent, the rounded apex emarginate, the sub-oblong basal blades erect and surrounding the column, the base adnate to the base of the column, 1.5 × 1.5 mm expanded. Column slender, terete, microscopically pubescent, 2 mm long, stigma apical, anther apical; anther cap oblong, cucullate, ca. 0.6 mm long; pollinia two, yellow, pyriform, 0.7 mm long. Etymology: In allusion to the shape of the petals that resemble the ears of cottontail rabbits, Sylvilagus spp.